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<title>Gupta script</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gupta script</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Late Brahmi script" redirects here. For the Brahmi script, see <a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:navajowhite;">Gupta script<br><small>(Late Brahmi script)</small><br><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">The <a href="Gopika_Cave_Inscription" title="Gopika Cave Inscription">Gopika Cave Inscription</a> of Anantavarman, in the <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> language and using the Gupta script. <a href="Barabar_Caves" title="Barabar Caves">Barabar Caves</a> in <a href="Jehanabad" title="Jehanabad">Jehanabad</a> Bihar, 5th or 6th century CE.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Period</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 4th</span>–6th century CE<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian</a><ul><li><a href="Proto-Sinaitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic">Proto-Sinaitic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Northern Brahmi<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Gupta script<br><small>(Late Brahmi script)</small></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Child systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data">

<ul><li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddham_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddham script">Siddham</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a><sup id="cite_ref-daniels_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniels-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-masica_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-masica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava script</a>, <a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba script</a>, <a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a>, <a href="Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above">

The <a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> and its descendants</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Northern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a>

<ul><li><a href="La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Landa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li>

<li><a href="Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kamarupi_script" title="Kamarupi script">Kamarupi</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a>

<ul><li><a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Gaudi_script" title="Gaudi script">Gaudi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li>

<li><a href="Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li>

<li><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li>

<li><a href="Phagspa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagspa script">Phagspa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a>

<ul><li>Marchung</li>

<li>Pungs-chen</li>

<li>Pungs-chung</li>

<li>Drusha</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tamyig" title="Tamyig">Tamyig</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tocharian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocharian alphabet">Tocharian</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Southern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;">

<ul><li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a>

<li>Proto-Tai script<sup>?</sup>

<ul><li><a href="Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a>

<li><a href="Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a>

<ul><li><a href="Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li>

<li><a href="Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li>

<li><a href="Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Incung_script" title="Incung script">Incung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lampung_script" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lembak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembak script">Lembak</a></li>

<li><a href="Pasemah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasemah script">Pasemah</a></li>

<li><a href="Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li>

<li><a href="Serawai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Serawai script">Serawai</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a>

<ul><li><a href="Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Kulitan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulitan alphabet">Kulitan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Pwo_alphabet" title="Western Pwo alphabet">Western Pwo Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="S'gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">S'gaw Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li>

<li><i>Lik-Tai scripts</i>

<li><a href="Khamti_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Khamti script">Khamti</a></li>

<li><a href="Mon_alphabet" title="Mon alphabet">Modern Mon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a>

<ul><li><a href="Telugu-Kannada_alphabet" title="Telugu-Kannada alphabet">Telugu-Kannada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a>

<ul><li><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p>The <b>Gupta script</b> (sometimes referred to as <b>Gupta Brahmi script</b> or <b>Late Brahmi script</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-sharma_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharma-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was used for writing <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and is associated with the <a href="Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a> of the <a href="Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, which was a period of material prosperity and great <a href="Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> and <a href="Science" title="Science">scientific</a> developments. The Gupta script was descended from <a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brāhmī</a> and gave rise to the <a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Śāradā</a> and <a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a> scripts. These scripts in turn gave rise to many of the most important Indic scripts, including <a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanāgarī</a> (the most common script used for writing <a href="Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> since the 19th century), the <a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhī script</a> for <a href="Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, the <a href="Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia script</a>, the <a href="Bengali-Assamese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali-Assamese script">Bengali-Assamese script</a> and the <a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan script</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_classification">Origins and classification</h2></div>

<p>The Gupta script was descended from the Ashokan <a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brāhmī script</a>, and is a crucial link between Brahmi and most other <a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a>, a family of alphasyllabaries or <a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">abugidas</a>. This means that while only consonantal phonemes have distinct symbols, vowels are marked by diacritics, with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> being the implied pronunciation when the diacritic is not present. In fact, the Gupta script works in exactly the same manner as its predecessor and successors, and only the shapes and forms of the graphemes and diacritics are different.

</p><p>Through the 4th century, letters began to take more cursive and symmetric forms, as a result of the desire to write more quickly and aesthetically. This also meant that the script became more differentiated throughout the Empire, with regional variations which have been broadly classified into three, four or five categories;<sup id="cite_ref-anupama_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anupama-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, a definitive classification is lacking, because even in a single inscription, there may be variation in how a particular symbol is written. In this sense, the term Gupta script should be taken to mean any form of writing derived from the Gupta period, even though there may be a lack of uniformity in the scripts.

</p>

<caption>Evolution from Brahmi to Gupta, and to Devanagari<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</caption>

<th>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Brahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi">Brahmi</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .script-brahmi{font-family:"Noto Sans Brahmi","Segoe UI Historic"}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><span class="script-brahmi">𑀓</span></b></td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>

</th>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>

</th>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><span class="Unicode">क</span></b></td>

</td></tr>

</tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inscriptions">Inscriptions</h2></div>

<p>The surviving inscriptions of the Gupta script are mostly found on iron or stone pillars, and on gold coins from the Gupta Dynasty. One of the most important was the <i>Prayagraj (Allahabad) <a href="Prashasti" title="Prashasti">Prasasti</a></i>. Composed by <a href="Harisena" title="Harisena">Harisena</a>, the court poet and minister of <a href="Samudragupta" title="Samudragupta">Samudragupta</a>, it describes Samudragupta's reign, beginning from his accession to the throne as the second king of the Gupta Dynasty and including his conquest of other kings. It is inscribed on the <a href="Allahabad_pillar" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad pillar">Allahabad pillar</a> of <a href="Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h2></div>

<p>The Gupta alphabet is composed of 37 letters: 32 consonants with the inherent ending "a" and 5 independent vowels. In addition diacritics are attached to the consonants in order to change the sound of the final vowel (from the inherent "a" to other sounds such as i, u, e, o, au ...). Consonants can also be combined into compounds, also called <a href="Conjunct_consonant" title="Conjunct consonant">conjunct consonants</a> (for example sa+ya are combined vertically to give "sya").<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GU_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_vowels">Independent vowels</h3></div>

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:492px;max-width:492px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Late Brahmi vowel diacritics</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-right:10px;width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:167px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Gupta script vowel diacritics<br>(<a href="Allahabad_pillar" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad pillar">Allahabad</a> standard).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GU_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:167px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Usage examples<sup id="cite_ref-GU_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div>

<th>Letter

</th>

<th>IAST and<br>Sanskrit IPA

</th>

<th>Letter

</th>

<th>IAST and<br>Sanskrit IPA

</th></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3></div>

<th>

</th>

</th>

<th colspan="2"><a href="Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a>

</th>

<th colspan="2"><a href="Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a>

</th>

<th colspan="4"><a href="Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a>

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voicing</a> →

</th>

<td colspan="4">Voiceless

</td>

<td colspan="8" style="background:beige;">Voiced

</td>

<td colspan="2">Voiceless

</td>

<td colspan="2" style="background:beige;">Voiced

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">Aspiration</a> →

</th>

<td colspan="2">No

</td>

<td colspan="2" style="background:beige;">Yes

</td>

<td colspan="2">No

</td>

<td colspan="2" style="background:beige;">Yes

</td>

<td colspan="4">No

</td>

<td colspan="4" style="background:beige;">Yes

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Velar_consonants" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar consonants">Velar</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a>

</th>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Unicode">In Unicode</h3></div>

<p>The Unicode Standard does not explicitly state that the Gupta script is considered a stylistic variation of Brahmi,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though use of the Brahmi encoding is one approach.

</p>

<td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="Brahmi_(Unicode_block)" title="Brahmi (Unicode block)">Brahmi</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}

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</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U11000_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U11000_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U11000_grey"><a href="#endnote_U11000_grey">[2]</a></sup><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11000.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)

</td></tr>

<td style="width:20pt">F

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1100x

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11000: BRAHMI SIGN CANDRABINDU">𑀀

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11001: BRAHMI SIGN ANUSVARA">𑀁

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11002: BRAHMI SIGN VISARGA">𑀂

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11005: BRAHMI LETTER A">𑀅

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11006: BRAHMI LETTER AA">𑀆

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11007: BRAHMI LETTER I">𑀇

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11008: BRAHMI LETTER II">𑀈

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11009: BRAHMI LETTER U">𑀉

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1100A: BRAHMI LETTER UU">𑀊

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1100B: BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC R">𑀋

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1100C: BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC RR">𑀌

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1100D: BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC L">𑀍

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1100E: BRAHMI LETTER VOCALIC LL">𑀎

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1100F: BRAHMI LETTER E">𑀏

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1101x

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11010: BRAHMI LETTER AI">𑀐

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11011: BRAHMI LETTER O">𑀑

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11012: BRAHMI LETTER AU">𑀒

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11013: BRAHMI LETTER KA">𑀓

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11014: BRAHMI LETTER KHA">𑀔

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11015: BRAHMI LETTER GA">𑀕

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11016: BRAHMI LETTER GHA">𑀖

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11017: BRAHMI LETTER NGA">𑀗

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11018: BRAHMI LETTER CA">𑀘

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11019: BRAHMI LETTER CHA">𑀙

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1101A: BRAHMI LETTER JA">𑀚

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1101B: BRAHMI LETTER JHA">𑀛

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1101C: BRAHMI LETTER NYA">𑀜

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1101D: BRAHMI LETTER TTA">𑀝

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1101E: BRAHMI LETTER TTHA">𑀞

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1101F: BRAHMI LETTER DDA">𑀟

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1102x

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11020: BRAHMI LETTER DDHA">𑀠

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11021: BRAHMI LETTER NNA">𑀡

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11022: BRAHMI LETTER TA">𑀢

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11023: BRAHMI LETTER THA">𑀣

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11024: BRAHMI LETTER DA">𑀤

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11025: BRAHMI LETTER DHA">𑀥

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11026: BRAHMI LETTER NA">𑀦

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11027: BRAHMI LETTER PA">𑀧

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11028: BRAHMI LETTER PHA">𑀨

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11029: BRAHMI LETTER BA">𑀩

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1102A: BRAHMI LETTER BHA">𑀪

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1102B: BRAHMI LETTER MA">𑀫

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1102C: BRAHMI LETTER YA">𑀬

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1102D: BRAHMI LETTER RA">𑀭

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1102E: BRAHMI LETTER LA">𑀮

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1102F: BRAHMI LETTER VA">𑀯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1103x

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11030: BRAHMI LETTER SHA">𑀰

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11031: BRAHMI LETTER SSA">𑀱

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11032: BRAHMI LETTER SA">𑀲

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11033: BRAHMI LETTER HA">𑀳

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11034: BRAHMI LETTER LLA">𑀴

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11035: BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL LLLA">𑀵

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11036: BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL RRA">𑀶

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11037: BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL NNNA">𑀷

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11038: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AA">𑀸

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11039: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN BHATTIPROLU AA">𑀹

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1103A: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN I">𑀺

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1103B: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN II">𑀻

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1103C: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN U">𑀼

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1103D: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN UU">𑀽

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1103E: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R">𑀾

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1103F: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR">𑀿

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1104x

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11040: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L">𑁀

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11041: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL">𑁁

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11042: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN E">𑁂

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11043: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AI">𑁃

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11044: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN O">𑁄

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11045: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN AU">𑁅

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11046: BRAHMI VIRAMA">𑁆

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11047: BRAHMI DANDA">𑁇

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11048: BRAHMI DOUBLE DANDA">𑁈

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11049: BRAHMI PUNCTUATION DOT">𑁉

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1104A: BRAHMI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE DOT">𑁊

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1104B: BRAHMI PUNCTUATION LINE">𑁋

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1104C: BRAHMI PUNCTUATION CRESCENT BAR">𑁌

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1104D: BRAHMI PUNCTUATION LOTUS">𑁍

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1105x

</td>

</td>

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11052: BRAHMI NUMBER ONE">𑁒

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11053: BRAHMI NUMBER TWO">𑁓

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11054: BRAHMI NUMBER THREE">𑁔

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11055: BRAHMI NUMBER FOUR">𑁕

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11056: BRAHMI NUMBER FIVE">𑁖

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11057: BRAHMI NUMBER SIX">𑁗

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11058: BRAHMI NUMBER SEVEN">𑁘

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11059: BRAHMI NUMBER EIGHT">𑁙

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1105A: BRAHMI NUMBER NINE">𑁚

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1105B: BRAHMI NUMBER TEN">𑁛

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1105C: BRAHMI NUMBER TWENTY">𑁜

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1105D: BRAHMI NUMBER THIRTY">𑁝

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1105E: BRAHMI NUMBER FORTY">𑁞

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1105F: BRAHMI NUMBER FIFTY">𑁟

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1106x

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11060: BRAHMI NUMBER SIXTY">𑁠

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11061: BRAHMI NUMBER SEVENTY">𑁡

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11062: BRAHMI NUMBER EIGHTY">𑁢

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11063: BRAHMI NUMBER NINETY">𑁣

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11064: BRAHMI NUMBER ONE HUNDRED">𑁤

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11065: BRAHMI NUMBER ONE THOUSAND">𑁥

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11066: BRAHMI DIGIT ZERO">𑁦

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11067: BRAHMI DIGIT ONE">𑁧

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11068: BRAHMI DIGIT TWO">𑁨

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11069: BRAHMI DIGIT THREE">𑁩

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1106A: BRAHMI DIGIT FOUR">𑁪

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1106B: BRAHMI DIGIT FIVE">𑁫

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1106C: BRAHMI DIGIT SIX">𑁬

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1106D: BRAHMI DIGIT SEVEN">𑁭

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1106E: BRAHMI DIGIT EIGHT">𑁮

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+1106F: BRAHMI DIGIT NINE">𑁯

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1107x

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11070: BRAHMI SIGN OLD TAMIL VIRAMA">𑁰

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11071: BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL SHORT E">𑁱

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11072: BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL SHORT O">𑁲

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11073: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN OLD TAMIL SHORT E">𑁳

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11074: BRAHMI VOWEL SIGN OLD TAMIL SHORT O">𑁴

</td>

<td style="font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Noto Sans Brahmi';" title="U+11075: BRAHMI LETTER OLD TAMIL LLA">𑁵

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b>

<dl><dd>1.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U11000_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U11000_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd>

<dd>2.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U11000_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U11000_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gupta_numismatics">Gupta numismatics</h2></div>

<p>The study of Gupta coins began with the discovery of a hoard of <a href="Gold_coin" title="Gold coin">gold coins</a> in 1783. Many other such hoards have since been discovered, the most important being the <a href="Bayana" title="Bayana">Bayana</a> (situated in <a href="Bharatpur%2C_Rajasthan" title="Bharatpur, Rajasthan">Bharatpur</a> district of <a href="Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>) hoard, discovered in 1946, which contained more than 2000 gold coins issued by the Gupta Kings.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the Gupta Empire's coins bear inscriptions of legends or mark historic events. In fact, it was one of the first Indian Empires to do so, probably as a result of its unprecedented prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-anupama_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anupama-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost every Gupta king issued coins, beginning with its first king, <a href="Chandragupta_I" title="Chandragupta I">Chandragupta I</a>.

</p><p>The scripts on the coin are also of a different nature compared to scripts on pillars, due to conservatism regarding the coins that were to be accepted as currency, which would have prevented regional variations in the script from manifesting on the coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-anupama_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anupama-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, space was more limited especially on their silver coins, and thus many of the symbols are truncated or stunted. An example is the symbol for /ta/ and /na/, which were often simplified to vertical strokes.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">The <a href="Allahabad_pillar" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad pillar">Allahabad pillar</a> inscription of <a href="Samudragupta" title="Samudragupta">Samudragupta</a>, with its standardised Gupta characters.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Brahmi and its descendent scripts.</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">The 5th- or 6th-century Gupta script <a href="Gopika_Cave_Inscription" title="Gopika Cave Inscription">Gopika Cave Inscription</a> in Sanskrit about goddess <a href="Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Gupta script decipherment table</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A palm leaf Sanskrit manuscript in early Gupta Brahmi script, discovered in <a href="Miran_(Xinjiang)" title="Miran (Xinjiang)">Miran</a>, northwest China.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">The name <span typeof="mw:File"></span><span typeof="mw:File"></span><span typeof="mw:File"></span><span typeof="mw:File"></span><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <i>Śrī Yaśodharmma</i> ("Lord <a href="Yashodharman" title="Yashodharman">Yashodharman</a>") in Gupta script in Line 4 of the <a href="Mandsaur_stone_inscription_of_Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana" title="Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana">Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EG_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EG-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div>

</li>

</ul>

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese script</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu script</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></li>

<li><a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba script</a></li>

<li><a href="Lipi_(script)" title="Lipi (script)">Lipi scripts</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava script</a></li>

<li><a href="Telugu-Kannada_alphabet" title="Telugu-Kannada alphabet">Telugu-Kannada alphabet</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSalomon1998" class="citation book cs1">Salomon, Richard (1998). <i>Indian Epigraphy</i>. p. 32.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/epigraphyindianepigraphyrichardsalmonoup_908_D">"Epigraphy, Indian Epigraphy Richard Salmon OUP"</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography, R. Malatesha Joshi, Catherine McBride(2019), p.27</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-daniels-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-daniels_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels2008" class="citation cs2">Daniels, P. T. (January 2008), <i>Writing systems of major and minor languages</i></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-masica-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-masica_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMasica1993" class="citation book cs1">Masica, Colin (1993). <i>The Indo-Aryan languages</i>. p. 143.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-sharma-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sharma_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharma, Ram. <i> 'Brahmi Script' </i>. Delhi: BR Publishing Corp, 2002</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-anupama-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anupama_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anupama_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anupama_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Srivastava, Anupama. <i>The Development of Imperial Gupta Brahmi Script</i>. New Delhi: Ramanand, 1998</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Steven_Roger_Fischer" title="Steven Roger Fischer">Fischer, Steven Roger</a>. <i>A History of Writing</i>. UK: Reaktion, 2004</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101">[1]</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2004" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Steven Roger (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iYMXnSko5QwC&pg=PT123"><i>History of Writing</i></a>. Reaktion Books. p. 123. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781861895882</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPublishing2010" class="citation book cs1">Publishing, Britannica Educational (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6cabAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA82"><i>The Culture of India</i></a>. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 82. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781615302031</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-GU-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GU_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GU_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GU_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03249r-brahmi-proposal.pdf">"Gupta Unicode"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dasbuchderschri01faulgoog"><i>Das Buch der Schrift: Enthaltend die Schriftzeichen und Alphabete aller ...</i></a> (in German). K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei. 1880. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dasbuchderschri01faulgoog/page/n142">126</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_Consortium2022" class="citation web cs1">Unicode Consortium (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.0.0/ch14.pdf">"The Unicode® Standard Version 15.0 – Core Specification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode Consortium website</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The "h" (<span typeof="mw:File"></span>) is an early variant of the Gupta script.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVerma2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verma, Thakur Prasad (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=09FqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT264"><i>The Imperial Maukharis: History of Imperial Maukharis of Kanauj and Harshavardhana</i></a> (in Hindi). Notion Press. p. 264. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781643248813</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSircar2008" class="citation book cs1">Sircar, D. C. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m1JYwP5tVQUC&pg=PA376"><i>Studies in Indian Coins</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 376. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9788120829732</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTandon2013" class="citation book cs1">Tandon, Pankaj (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coinindia.com/galleries-alchon-early.html"><i>Notes on the Evolution of Alchon Coins Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society, No. 216, Summer</i></a>. Oriental Numismatic Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">24–</span>34.</cite> also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coinindia.com/galleries-toramana.html">Coinindia Alchon Coins (for an exact description of this coin type)</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bajpai, KD. <i> 'Indian Numismatic Studies. ' </i> New Delhi: Abhinav Publications 2004</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPuri1987" class="citation book cs1">Puri, Baij Nath (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sluKZfTrr3oC&pg=PA187"><i>Buddhism in Central Asia</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 187 Note 32. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9788120803725</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-EG-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EG_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFleet1960" class="citation book cs1">Fleet, John Faithfull (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463254"><i>Inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors</i></a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463254/page/n151">150</a>-158.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Carl Faulmann (1835–1894), Das Buch der Schrift, Druck und Verlag der Kaiserlichen Hof-und Staatsdruckerei, 1880</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=alfabetos/gupta">The Gupta Alphabet</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/gupta.html">AncientScripts.com</a> entry on the Gupta Script</li>

<li>Ye, Shao-Yong. (2009). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fanfoyan.com/resour/pale/buddhapalita.pdf">An eastern variety of the post-Gupta script: Akṣara List of the Manuscripts of the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā and Buddhapālita's Commentary (ca. 550–650 CE)</a></i>. Research Institute of Sanskrit Manuscripts & Buddhist Literature, Peking University.</li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li>

<li><a href="Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a>

<ul><li><a href="Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Languages by writing system / <a href="List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li>

<li><a href="Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li>

<li><a href="Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li>

<li><a href="Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li>

<li><a href="Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a>

<li><a href="Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li>

<li><a href="Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li>

<li><a href="Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a>

<ul><li><a href="Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li>

<li><a href="Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a>

<ul><li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li>

<li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li>

<li><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li>

<li><a href="Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li>

<li><a href="Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li>

<li><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li>

<li><a href="Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li>

<li><a href="Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Newari_scripts" title="Newari scripts">Nepalese scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li>

<li>Golmol</li>

<li>Himmol</li>

<li>Kummol</li>

<li>Kvemmol</li>

<li>Pachumol</li>

<li><a href="Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li>

<li><a href="Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li>

<li><a href="Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li>

<li><a href="Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li>

<li><a href="Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li>

<li><a href="Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li>

<li><a href="Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li>

<li><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li>

<li><a href="S'gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a>

<li><a href="Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li>

<li><a href="Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li>

<li><a href="Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li>

<li><a href="Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li>

<li><a href="Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li>

<li><a href="Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li>

<li><a href="Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li>

<li><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li>